{"id":1533,"date":"2023-04-12T16:43:25","date_gmt":"2023-04-12T14:43:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/?page_id=1533"},"modified":"2023-04-13T11:28:53","modified_gmt":"2023-04-13T09:28:53","slug":"forest-stream-measurement","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/forest-stream-measurement\/","title":{"rendered":"Measurements on a small forest watershed"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1533\" class=\"elementor elementor-1533\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0702cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0702cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0d2cc79\" data-id=\"0d2cc79\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39b4fb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"39b4fb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.9.2 - 21-12-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Monitoring of a small forest catchment has been part of the measuring activities of the Ko\u0161etice Observatory since the very beginning of the station. The monitored basin is located 1 km from the observatory, its area is <strong>0,285 km<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0<\/strong>and the long-term average annual flow is <strong>0,43 l.s<sup>-1<\/sup><\/strong>, specific drain<strong>\u00a01,49 l.s.<sup>-1<\/sup>.km<sup>-2<\/sup><\/strong>. Approximately 90% of the watershed is forested, the rest is agricultural land. The forested part of the watershed is covered mainly by spruce monocultures, the predominant stands are around 90 years old with an admixture of pine, beech, larch and birch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7eaecba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7eaecba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-df07813\" data-id=\"df07813\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-744f5a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"744f5a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Forest stream is the only permanent tributary of the Anensk\u00e1 brook (Zelivka river basin). The watershed is operated as part of the international program of Integrated Monitoring ICP-IM (International Cooperative Program on Integrated Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Ecosystems), the aim of which is to know the substance balance and exchange of substances in small forested watersheds in the non-impact area.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7a1871b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7a1871b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e319d9d\" data-id=\"e319d9d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-876bcd2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"876bcd2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d09caf\" data-id=\"7d09caf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e1c7b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e1c7b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The watershed is also part of the Czech monitoring system GEOMON, coordinated by the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.geology.cz\/extranet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Czech Geological Survey <\/a>. From a network of 14 small forest basins, they are\u00a0 collecting input data for the calculation of material flows of ecologically significant components using a uniform methodology, as a way of assessing the state and development of the natural environment. The means for such evaluation is the calculation of balances, i.e. inputs and outputs of components, in natural units of the biosphere represented by a small watershed. The entrance to the watershed is represented by deposition by undercrown precipitation (throughfall, THF) and precipitation on the free surface (BULK). Surface runoff is considered as the exit from the watershed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17748b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17748b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eca0594\" data-id=\"eca0594\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc99cf9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc99cf9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>On a 250 m long forest stream, there is a measuring device &#8211; a hydrological spillway, equipped with an ultrasonic probe with a registration unit for continuous measurement of water level, flow and air temperature. Flow values \u200b\u200bare regularly verified by manual measurement at the same time as water temperature measurement, which is not measured automatically. At regular monthly intervals, surface water samples are taken for chemical analysis at the hydrological overflow. Since 2008, the source of the forest stream has also been part of the underground water monitoring network of the CHMI.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8178610 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8178610\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.9.2 - 21-12-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/povodi2-scaled-q4wojtmntyk1e3earfus534ewnusn13rt16oqln5oo.jpg\" title=\"povod\u00ed2\" alt=\"povod\u00ed2\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Picture. 1 Surroundings of the Ko\u0161etice Observatory<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2e288d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2e288d7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-53280d4\" data-id=\"53280d4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-573a8bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"573a8bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The soils in the area of \u200b\u200bthe forest stream are developed on biotitic to two-mica paragules, the area is part of the oldest structural unit of the Czech Massif \u2013 Moldanubian. These are acidic brown forest soils of the distric cambisol type. Sampling and chemical analysis of soil samples took place in 1979, then in 1991, 1996, 2002, 2007 and 2015. The sampling site is two soil probes, in close proximity to which soil lysimeters were installed, to monitor the chemistry of soil water. Sampling takes place at two depth levels, 20 and 40 cm below the surface. Silicone-carbide suction cups are used for sampling, with which water is extracted under pressure from the unsaturated zone using a portable vacuum system. Samples are taken monthly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e9fea1d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e9fea1d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a586223\" data-id=\"a586223\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd8dc38 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd8dc38\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b06e42b\" data-id=\"b06e42b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d33a33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d33a33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Measurement of wet deposition (WET ONLY) is carried out on the Observatory property, currently it is a daily sampling by an Eigenbrodt automatic precipitation collector. Another type of precipitation sampling is wet deposition sampling with gravity deposition of larger particles &#8211; total deposition (BULK). This is the same sampling device as the THF located on the free surface of the observatory. Three sampling devices are used.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-119a089 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"119a089\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAtmospheric deposition represents the entry of substances from the atmosphere into other components of the natural environment. In addition to the monitoring of precipitation in the open area in the area of the Ko\u0161etice Observatory, the deposition under the forest cover is measured. The monitoring of under-canopy deposition is situated at the eastern border of the forest catchment and has been carried out continuously since 1990. 20 sampling devices placed in stands on the diagonals of a 50 x 50 m square are used. This device consists of a liter PE bottle connected to a funnel with a catchment area of 113, 09 cm<sup>2<\/sup>. Sub-crown deductions are taken monthly. The monthly precipitation amount of THF and the chemical analysis of the precipitation water are determined.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-715b656 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"715b656\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a9565cc\" data-id=\"a9565cc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf0c7a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bf0c7a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.9.2 - 21-12-2022 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Measurements outputs<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2a586aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2a586aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ca638f5\" data-id=\"ca638f5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9375b10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9375b10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"590\" height=\"343\" src=\"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/MLP_Prumerne-koncentrace-SO4.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1514\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/MLP_Prumerne-koncentrace-SO4.jpg 590w, https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/MLP_Prumerne-koncentrace-SO4-300x174.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 koncentrace SO4 <sup>2-<\/sup> ve sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1ch 1990\u20131994 a 2014\u20132018. V\u00fd\u0161ka sloupc\u016f zobrazuje pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 hodnoty. Horn\u00ed\/doln\u00ed konce chybov\u00fdch \u00fase\u010dek ozna\u010duj\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed\/ minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5f17bc6\" data-id=\"5f17bc6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7daa246 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7daa246\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"665\" height=\"407\" src=\"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/MLP_prumerne-koncentrace-SO4-v-odtoku-v-letech-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1513\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/MLP_prumerne-koncentrace-SO4-v-odtoku-v-letech-1.jpg 665w, https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/MLP_prumerne-koncentrace-SO4-v-odtoku-v-letech-1-300x184.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 665px) 100vw, 665px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 koncentrace SO4 <sup>2-<\/sup>v odtoku v letech 1990\u20131994 a 2014\u20132018.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e98386e\" data-id=\"e98386e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8804c39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8804c39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"662\" height=\"526\" src=\"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/MLP_srazkovoodtokova-bilance-v-letech.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1511\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/MLP_srazkovoodtokova-bilance-v-letech.jpg 662w, https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/MLP_srazkovoodtokova-bilance-v-letech-300x238.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 662px) 100vw, 662px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Sr\u00e1\u017ekovo-odtokov\u00e1 bilance S_SO4 <sup>2-<\/sup> povod\u00ed.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-47ed302 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"47ed302\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-044ae99\" data-id=\"044ae99\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e02b5d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e02b5d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"636\" src=\"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/MLP_uhrn-srazek_1990_2018_Depozice-S-SO4-1024x636.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1508\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/MLP_uhrn-srazek_1990_2018_Depozice-S-SO4-1024x636.png 1024w, https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/MLP_uhrn-srazek_1990_2018_Depozice-S-SO4-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/MLP_uhrn-srazek_1990_2018_Depozice-S-SO4-768x477.png 768w, https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/MLP_uhrn-srazek_1990_2018_Depozice-S-SO4.png 1044w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Depozice S_SO4 <sup>2-<\/sup> ve vzorc\u00edch typu throughfall, bulk a wet only v lesn\u00edm povod\u00ed.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b59d927\" data-id=\"b59d927\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8070fdd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8070fdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"704\" height=\"323\" src=\"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/MLP_koncentrace-SO4-v-casticich-v-letech.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1510\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/MLP_koncentrace-SO4-v-casticich-v-letech.jpg 704w, https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/MLP_koncentrace-SO4-v-casticich-v-letech-300x138.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 704px) 100vw, 704px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 koncentrace SO4 <sup>2-<\/sup> v \u010d\u00e1stic\u00edch v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed 1990\u20131994 a 2014\u20132018. V\u00fd\u0161ka sloupc\u016f zobrazuje pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 hodnoty. Horn\u00ed\/doln\u00ed konce chybov\u00fdch \u00fase\u010dek ozna\u010duj\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed\/minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f3ec0d4\" data-id=\"f3ec0d4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa4d9ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"aa4d9ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/povodi1-scaled-q4woj1fnavjs1ckgm1956cqfshy31ccl7xckbxo014.jpg\" title=\"povod\u00ed1\" alt=\"povod\u00ed1\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Forest stream: Hydrological overflow with ultrasound probe<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Monitoring of a small forest catchment has been part of the measuring activities of the Ko\u0161etice Observatory since the very beginning of the station. The monitored basin is located 1 km from the observatory, its area is 0,285 km2\u00a0and the long-term average annual flow is 0,43 l.s-1, specific drain\u00a01,49 l.s.-1.km-2. Approximately 90% of the watershed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1533","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1533","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1533"}],"version-history":[{"count":56,"href":"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1533\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1601,"href":"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1533\/revisions\/1601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/actris.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1533"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}